Fire Prevention & Protection Systems:A broad classification of fire safety system is explained below Fire Safety ( Existence fire hazard & awakening of fire consciousness of the management) Fire PreventionDetection by Detectors (alarms)Elimination of hazard or source of ignitionControl over combustibles in storage, handling & process Fire ProtectionFire resistant design of buildings, equipment, means of escape & fixed installationsSuppression, Extinguishment or control by various extinguishers Fire fightingEquipment & HardwareStaff, training & readinessFire Safety ( Existence fire hazard & awakening of fire consciousness of the management)- Concept of Fire, Fire Triangle, Fire Tetrahydran- Methods of Fire Extinguishment- Factors Contributing to Fire- Classification of Fire- Common causes of industrial fire- Concept of fire loadFIRE IS CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH SUBSTANCE (FUEL) COMBINES WITH OXYGEN MAKING AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION WITH THE EMISSION OF LIGHT, HEAT & SMOKE. Elements of Fire It takes three things to cause a fire: Heat - or something that is hotFuel - or something that will burnOxygen - the air that is all around usMETHOD OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT: Cooling -Removal of heat. (Best cooling media is water)Smothering -Reducing % of oxygen. Cutting off the supply of oxygen. (Blanketing, Use foam)Starvation - Removal of fuel or removal of combustible materialFIRE CLASSIFICATION: A - Solid FuelB - Liquid FuelC- Gases FuelD - Metal Fire(Not Class) E - Electric / ElectronicK- Kerosine / Kitchen fireCONCEPT OF FIRE LOAD: Fire load is the concentration or amount of combustible material in a building per sq.m. of floor area. It is defined as amount of heat released in kilo calories by the fuel per sq.m. area of the premises. It is useful to calculate the water requirement to quench the fire. 1cc of water absorbs 1 cal of heat when the temp is raised by 1 0CSix fundamental principles of fire prevention & reduction: 1. Fire prevention Engineering2. Regular periodic inspection3. Prevent the start of fire4. Early detection & extinguishment5. Limiting the spread & damage due to fire & fire control6. Prevention of personal injuries from fire or panic, including prompt & orderly evacuation of personnel. Extinguishers are of two types:- Portable FixedPORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: WATER TYPE (IS 934,5506,940,6234)FOAM TYPE (IS 933,5507,10474,10204)DRY CHEMICAL POWDER (IS 2171,10658,11833)CARBON-DI-OXIDE (IS 2878,8149)HALON SUBSITUTE (IS 11108)Fixed fire installations:-1. Fire Hydrants-Hose reel, hose box, Fixed monitor, portable ground monitor, trolly mounted water monitor2. Automatic water sprinkler3. Water spray system4. Foam system5. CO2 system6. DCP7. Vaporising liquid system8. Steam system9. Inert gas system10. Air agitation11. DrenchersFire Detection & Alarm systems-Types are1. Thermal expansion detector2. Radiant energy detector3. Light interference detectors4. Ionization detectorExplosion Explosion is the result of rapid combustion with a sudden, violent change of pressure involving the liberation & expansion of a large volume of gas. The released energy may appear as heat, light, sound or mechanical shock. Its effect depends on the rate at which the energy is released. Types of Explosion1. Dust explosion2. Deflagration3. Detonation4. Confined & Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE)5. Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE)
